Category: Investing

ETFs vs. Mutual Funds: What’s the Real Difference?

Posted on by Brian Colvert

ETFs vs. Mutual Funds: What’s the Real Difference?

Why This Matters

When it comes to building a smart, diversified portfolio, knowing whether to invest via ETFs vs. mutual funds can make a significant difference. These two investment vehicles share many core features. They are both pooled investments managed under the Investment Company Act of 1940, offer exposure to a range of assets, and cater to different risk and strategy preferences.

But while they are similar in concept, the nuances matter. From trading flexibility to cost, tax efficiency, and suitability for beginners, understanding how ETFs and mutual funds differ can help you make informed decisions and potentially save you money along the way.

Today we will cover:

  • What ETFs and mutual funds actually are

  • Their key differences and similarities

  • Pros and cons of each, including insights not always covered in mainstream articles

  • A detailed FAQ to answer your most common questions

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What Is a Mutual Fund?

A mutual fund pools money from many investors and is managed by a professional or team that buys a diversified portfolio of securities such as stocks, bonds, or other assets based on a stated investment objective.

Key features of mutual funds:

  • Pricing and transactions: Priced once per day, after the market closes. This price is called the Net Asset Value (NAV). No matter when you place your order during the trading day, you receive that end-of-day price.

  • Fees and expenses: May include management fees, distribution (12b-1) fees, and potentially loads, either front-end (paid when buying) or back-end (paid when selling).

  • Minimum investment: Often designed for small or starter accounts. You can invest small amounts like $100 without worrying about buying full shares.

What Is an ETF?

An ETF, or Exchange Traded Fund, is also a pooled investment vehicle, but it behaves more like a stock in how it is traded.

Key features of ETFs:

  • Intraday trading: You can buy or sell ETF shares any time during market hours, and prices change live based on supply and demand.

  • Trading strategies: ETFs allow use of limit orders, stop orders, margin, short-selling, and even options in some cases.

  • Cost structure: Generally, there is no load, and expense ratios tend to be lower, especially for index-based ETFs, though some specialty ETFs may have higher fees.

  • Tax efficiency: The in-kind creation and redemption mechanism allows ETFs to avoid triggering taxable capital gains within the fund structure.

Side-by-Side Comparison: ETFs vs. Mutual Funds

Trading

  • Mutual Funds: Once per day at Net Asset Value (NAV).

  • ETFs: Intraday trading like stocks

Fees

  • Mutual Funds: May include loads, management, and 12b-1 fees

  • ETFs: Generally lower expense ratios and no loads

Minimum Investment

  • Mutual Funds: Often low, ideal for starter accounts

  • ETFs: Need full shares, though fractional trading is becoming more common

Tax Efficiency

  • Mutual Funds: Can trigger capital gains distributions

  • ETFs: In-kind mechanism reduces tax drag

Trading Features

  • Mutual Funds: Limited flexibility, trades only at NAV

  • ETFs: Flexible, allow limit orders, margin, and options

Transparency

  • Mutual Funds: Holdings disclosure may be delayed

  • ETFs: Typically disclose holdings daily

Best For

  • Mutual Funds: Small accounts, automatic investing, beginners

  • ETFs: Active traders, tax-sensitive investors, niche exposure

When to Pick ETFs and When Mutual Funds Fit Better

Choose ETFs if you:

  • Want real-time price control and use trading tools like limit orders

  • Are tax-conscious, especially in taxable accounts

  • Seek inexpensive access to niche or thematic strategies

  • Prefer daily transparency on fund holdings

Choose Mutual Funds if you:

  • Are building an account with small contributions, such as $100

  • Prefer simplicity and automatic investing

  • Are limited by retirement plans that only support mutual funds

  • Value the stability of once-per-day pricing

Hidden Costs and Risks to Know

  • ETFs may incur bid-ask spreads and sometimes trade at premiums or discounts to NAV. Liquidity matters, since thinly traded ETFs can cost more.

  • Mutual funds may carry loads or 12b-1 fees, which can reduce returns, especially in actively managed funds.

  • Behavioral risks: Some investors misuse ETFs by trading too often, which can reduce returns compared to buy-and-hold strategies.

FAQs: ETFs vs. Mutual Funds

Which is more cost-effective, ETFs or mutual funds?
ETFs generally have lower expense ratios and better tax efficiency, but certain mutual funds, especially institutional share classes, can be competitive.

Can ETFs reduce tax liabilities compared to mutual funds?
Yes. ETFs use an in-kind redemption process that helps avoid capital gains distributions, making them more tax-efficient than most mutual funds.

Are mutual funds better for small investors?
Often yes. Mutual funds let small investors start with minimal amounts without needing to buy full shares, which is ideal for new accounts or smaller contributions.

Can I use stop-loss or limit orders with mutual funds?
No. These tools are available only with ETFs because mutual funds transact only at end-of-day NAV.

Is one inherently safer than the other?
Neither structure is inherently safer. Safety depends on the underlying investments. However, mutual funds may feel less volatile because they do not trade intraday.

Are actively managed ETFs and mutual funds the same?
Yes, both can be actively managed. ETFs now include many actively managed strategies, though mutual funds are still more common in this category.

Can investors lose out by switching to ETFs?
Possibly. ETFs offer cost and tax benefits, but overtrading and poor timing decisions can hurt returns compared to long-term holding in mutual funds.

Do ETFs or mutual funds pay dividends?
Yes. Both ETFs and mutual funds can pay dividends if the underlying securities generate income. With ETFs, dividends are usually paid quarterly. Mutual funds may distribute dividends monthly, quarterly, or annually depending on the fund.

Can I buy ETFs in my 401(k)?
Most 401(k) plans do not allow direct ETF purchases. They typically offer mutual funds instead. However, if your 401(k) has a brokerage window, you may be able to access ETFs.

Which is better for retirement accounts?
Both can be appropriate. Mutual funds often dominate retirement plans because of their automatic investment features, while ETFs may offer better tax efficiency in taxable accounts.

Do ETFs have minimum investments?
No official minimums exist for ETFs, but you must buy at least one share (unless your broker allows fractional share investing). Mutual funds often have minimum investments ranging from $100 to $3,000.

Which has more options available, ETFs or mutual funds?
There are more ETFs and mutual funds combined than individual stocks on the U.S. exchanges. ETFs have grown rapidly and now offer thousands of strategies, from index funds to niche thematic investments.

Do ETFs or mutual funds have better performance?
Neither structure guarantees better performance. Returns depend on the fund’s strategy, management, and underlying assets. However, ETFs often outperform similar mutual funds after fees and taxes.

Can I dollar-cost average into ETFs?
Yes, but it may require your broker to support automatic investing in ETFs. Mutual funds are generally easier for dollar-cost averaging since they allow automatic contributions.

Which is better for beginners?
Mutual funds are often considered beginner-friendly due to their simplicity and automatic investment options. ETFs may appeal more to investors comfortable with brokerage accounts and trading.

Do ETFs ever close or shut down?
Yes. If an ETF does not attract enough assets, the provider may close it. Investors receive cash for their shares. Mutual funds can also close, though it is less common.

Are ETFs always cheaper than mutual funds?
Not always. While ETFs are often cheaper, some ultra-low-cost mutual funds rival ETFs on fees. Always compare expense ratios before deciding.

Can I trade ETFs after hours?
Yes. Many brokers allow ETF trading in pre-market and after-hours sessions. Mutual funds cannot be traded outside of standard market hours.

Do ETFs or mutual funds have commissions?
Most brokers today offer commission-free trading for ETFs and no-load mutual funds. However, some funds may still have transaction fees or loads.

Which is better for tax-advantaged accounts like IRAs?
Both can work well. Since taxes are deferred in IRAs, the ETF tax advantage is less important, so either structure can be suitable depending on investment goals.

Choosing What’s Right for You

ETFs and mutual funds share the same purpose: to help investors diversify with a single investment. The main differences are in trading flexibility, costs, tax treatment, and suitability for different types of investors.

  • ETFs are often best for those who want flexibility, low costs, and tax efficiency.

  • Mutual funds are often better for beginners, small accounts, or investors who want simple, automated investing.

  • The smartest move is to understand both options and choose what fits your strategy and goals.

Next Steps

Understanding the differences between ETFs vs. mutual funds is a great start, but the real question is how they fit into your financial plan. The right mix depends on your goals, your timeline, and the bigger picture of your financial life.

At Bonfire Financial, we help clients cut through the noise and build portfolios that actually work for them. If you are unsure whether ETFs or mutual funds are the right choice, or simply want a second opinion on your current strategy, we are here to help.

👉 Schedule a call with us today and get personalized guidance on your investments. A 15-20 minute conversation could help you save on costs, avoid common mistakes, and feel more confident about your financial future.

FOMO and Investing: Why Emotions Sabotage Your Strategy

Posted on by Brian Colvert

“Buy low, sell high.” It’s one of the oldest investment mantras in the book. Yet, time and time again, investors do the opposite. Why? Because of FOMO, the fear of missing out. When the market is soaring, the hype is loud, and our emotions start to override our logic. Today, we explore why even smart investors fall into the FOMO trap and what you can do to avoid it.

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What Is FOMO in Investing?

FOMO in investing is the emotional response that pushes people to jump into a market or an asset because others are making money. It’s driven by a fear that if you don’t act now, you’ll miss out on big gains. This fear often overrides rational decision-making, leading to poor timing, buying when prices are high, and selling when they dip. Studies show it amplifies emotional reactions to market trends and encourages risky behavior like overtrading and speculative bubbles, often overshadowing sound, long-term decision-making

Why Smart Investors Still Fall for It

No one is immune to FOMO. Even seasoned investors get caught up in it. When everyone around you seems to be winning, it’s hard not to feel like you’re falling behind. You hear stories of friends doubling their money or news headlines about a stock up 1,000%, and it creates pressure to act fast.

The Psychology Behind FOMO

FOMO is rooted in behavioral finance. Our brains are wired to follow the crowd and avoid missing out. When we see others succeed, we assume they know something we don’t. Add to that the emotional buzz of gains and the regret of past missed opportunities, and it’s easy to see how logic gets thrown out the window. Money is emotional. Investing isn’t just numbers—it’s tied to our goals, dreams, and fears. That emotional charge makes it hard to stay rational, especially when markets are volatile or social proof is strong.

Real-World Examples: From Bitcoin to Barbecue Tips

Let’s say you’re at a barbecue, and a friend starts talking about how their investment in Bitcoin or a hot tech stock has skyrocketed. It’s hard not to feel a pang of regret or curiosity. Suddenly, you’re considering jumping in on Monday morning. But what you’re not hearing is when they bought in or how much risk they took.

Take Bitcoin, for example. When it’s at an all-time high, that’s when Brian gets the most questions from clients. When it dips, the same clients say they’re glad they stayed away. But the smart move? That was getting in when prices were lower. The opportunity to buy came with fear, not excitement.

Why Buying High Feels Safer (But Isn’t)

When the market is booming, it feels safe. News coverage is positive, everyone seems to be making money, and the fear of missing out kicks in. But this is often when prices are inflated. The reality? The best opportunities usually show up when things look bleak.

When markets are down, people hesitate. They worry things will get worse. But historically, downturns are when investors have made their biggest gains, not because they timed it perfectly, but because they acted when prices were low.

Don’t let FOMO derail your investing strategy.

How to Flip the Script: Buy Low, Sell High

To reverse the typical FOMO cycle, you need to train yourself to act when it feels uncomfortable. This is where strategy beats emotion. When markets are down, think of it like a sale. If you loved a company or fund a month ago, and nothing significant has changed, why wouldn’t you want to buy it for 20% less?

It’s the same logic as shopping. If a shirt you love goes on sale, you’re thrilled. But with investments, people often react the opposite way. They see the price drop and assume something is wrong. But in many cases, it’s just the market doing what it always does: cycling.

The Role of a Plan: Discipline Over Emotion

A solid investment plan is your best defense against FOMO. When you have a plan, you’re less likely to get swayed by hype or panic. Dollar-cost averaging is one of the best strategies to stay disciplined. By investing regularly, regardless of market conditions, you remove emotion from the equation.

In fact, when you’re dollar-cost averaging and the market drops, you’re buying more shares for the same amount of money. It’s a hidden win that sets you up for greater long-term returns.

What to Watch For: Market Cycles and Hype Triggers

FOMO often spikes when:

  • A specific asset hits all-time highs
  • Media coverage is overwhelmingly positive
  • Friends or coworkers are bragging about gains
  • Star ratings on mutual funds suddenly rise

These are signals to pause and evaluate. Ask yourself:

  • Has anything fundamentally changed with this investment?
  • Am I reacting emotionally or strategically?
  • Would I be just as excited to buy this if it were down 20%?

Tips to Avoid FOMO and Invest Smarter

  • Stick to your plan: Let your long-term goals guide your decisions, not the news cycle.
  • Dollar-cost average: Invest consistently to reduce the impact of timing.
  • Turn down the noise: Limit exposure to hype-driven media or investing tips from unverified sources.
  • Use risk questionnaires: Revisit your risk tolerance regularly and ensure your strategy matches it.
  • Embrace the downturns: They’re opportunities, not warnings.
  • Review fundamentals: Make sure your investments align with solid financial principles.
  • Ask better questions: Instead of “What’s hot?”, ask “What’s undervalued and solid?”

In Summary

FOMO in investing is real, and it affects every investor at some point. But you don’t have to let it derail your goals. By acknowledging its influence and building systems that favor discipline over emotion, you can stay on track and actually buy low, sell high.

The next time someone tells you about a stock that “went to the moon,” don’t rush to copy them. Pause, assess, and stick to your plan. Investing isn’t about chasing what’s hot. It’s about building wealth over time—intentionally and intelligently.

Next Steps

Need help building your strategy? We are here to help. Schedule a call with us today!

What to Do After Maxing Out Your 401k

Posted on by Brian Colvert

What to Do After Maxing Out Your 401k

Maxing out your 401k is a major milestone when investing for retirement. It shows commitment to long-term financial planning, a proactive mindset, and an understanding of the power of compound growth. But it also leads to the inevitable question: What do I do next?

If you’re asking this, congratulations, you’re already ahead of the pack. And you’re in the right place to explore your next best steps.

Today, we’ll walk through a structured framework for what to do after maxing out your 401k, diving into Roth IRAs, taxable brokerage accounts, backdoor Roth strategies, and how to think about liquidity, flexibility, and tax planning in your broader investment picture.

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Step 1: Confirm You’ve Truly Maxed Out the 401(k)

First things first: let’s define what “maxed out” means. Check the annual contribution limits < This page is updated annually to make sure you have the most up-to-date numbers.

But here’s a nuance: maxing out your 401k isn’t just about hitting the annual limit. It’s also about making sure you’ve taken full advantage of your company match. Never leave free money on the table. If your employer offers a match (say 100% of the first 4% of your salary), make sure you’re contributing at least that much.

Once you’ve contributed to the max and received the full match, then it’s time to move on to the next vehicle.

Step 2: Explore a Roth IRA

The Roth IRA is often the first recommendation for clients who are looking to invest beyond their 401k, and for good reason:

  • Tax-free growth: You fund a Roth IRA with after-tax dollars, and in exchange, your investments grow tax-free.

  • Tax-free withdrawals: Once you’re 59½ and the account has been open for at least five years, you can withdraw both contributions and earnings tax-free.

  • No required minimum distributions (RMDs): Unlike traditional IRAs and 401(k)s, Roth IRAs don’t require you to take distributions in retirement.

There are annual contribution limits here too.

But don’t worry. There’s a workaround.

Step 3: Consider a Backdoor Roth IRA

If your income is too high for a regular Roth IRA, you may still be able to contribute through a Backdoor Roth IRA. This involves:

  1. Contributing to a non-deductible traditional IRA (after-tax money).

  2. Converting it to a Roth IRA.

Seems simple, but there are a few caveats:

  • If you have existing traditional IRA balances, the IRS uses a pro-rata rule to calculate taxes, meaning some of the conversion may be taxable.

  • Timing matters. It’s smart to consult a tax advisor or financial planner to execute this properly.

For many high earners, the backdoor Roth can be a powerful tool for adding tax-free growth to their portfolio.

Step 4: Open a Taxable Brokerage Account

Once your tax-advantaged options are maxed out and you want to continue investing for retirement, it’s time to consider a taxable brokerage account. Don’t let the term “taxable” scare you. This type of account actually offers some key advantages:

Advantages of a Taxable Account:

  • Unlimited contributions: Unlike retirement accounts, there’s no cap on how much you can invest.

  • No income limits: Anyone can open and fund one.

  • No early withdrawal penalties: You can access funds at any time.

  • Wide investment flexibility: You can invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, real estate trusts, private placements, and others.

  • Liquidity: Need to fund a real estate purchase? Pay for a wedding? Start a business? This account gives you that flexibility.

Tax Considerations:

Growth in a brokerage account is taxed, but how it’s taxed matters:

  • Capital gains tax applies to investments held over one year (long-term).

  • Ordinary income tax applies to gains on assets sold within one year.

  • Dividends may also be taxable depending on their classification.

But there are strategies to reduce taxes, like:

  • Tax-loss harvesting: Selling underperforming assets to offset gains.

  • Asset location: Placing tax-efficient investments in your taxable account and tax-inefficient ones in your tax-deferred accounts.

Step 5: Think Flexibly with Your Future in Mind

A common mistake is viewing investment accounts in silos. Instead, think about them as tools that serve different purposes and timeframes.

Here’s how it breaks down:

Account Type Best For Key Benefit
401k Long-term retirement savings Tax-deferred growth + employer match
Roth IRA Long-term + tax diversification Tax-free growth + no RMDs
Brokerage Acct Flexibility + early retirement + legacy planning No contribution limits, no penalties for early withdrawals

If you plan to retire before age 59½, a taxable account becomes even more important. It gives you penalty-free access to funds while your retirement accounts keep compounding in the background.

Step 6: Use Brokerage Accounts for Creative Planning

Let’s take it a step further.

Real Estate Opportunities

Thinking about buying a rental property? A brokerage account can be tapped to fund a down payment without penalties. This is especially helpful for investors who want to diversify into real estate assets without triggering retirement withdrawal rules.

Tax Bracket Optimization

Planning to retire early? You may enter a lower tax bracket before Medicare or Social Security kicks in. You can draw from brokerage accounts strategically, keeping income low and managing your bracket for Roth conversions or to reduce long-term tax exposure.

Collateralized Lending

Did you know you can borrow against your taxable account? Many custodians offer lines of credit backed by your portfolio. This can be helpful for:

  • Avoiding the sale of appreciated assets (and the taxes that come with it)

  • Making time-sensitive investments

  • Helping family members (like a child’s down payment) without touching the principal

It’s not for everyone, but for high-net-worth individuals, this can be a sophisticated strategy to create liquidity without triggering taxes.

Step 7: Automate and Grow

Just like your 401k, your brokerage account can benefit from automation. Set up monthly contributions to stay disciplined and consistent. Over time, this can grow into a substantial pool of capital.

We often see clients fund these accounts with:

  • Annual bonuses

  • RSU or stock option sales

  • Proceeds from home sales

  • Inheritance windfalls

  • Business profits

By treating it like your 401k, with regular contributions and a long-term mindset, you’ll build serious wealth over time.

Bonus: Don’t Forget the Other Vehicles

401(k)s, Roth IRAs, and brokerage accounts are the main trio when investing for retirement, but depending on your goals, you might also explore:

  • Health Savings Accounts (HSAs): HSAs are triple-tax advantage (pre-tax contributions, tax-free growth, tax-free withdrawals for medical expenses).

  • 529 Plans: For tax-advantaged education savings.

  • Cash-value life insurance: Life insurance can be a niche tool for legacy or advanced planning.

  • Real estate LLCs or syndications: Direct ownership or fractional investments.

Each tool has its own benefits, risks, and tax implications, so work with a financial planner to build a strategy tailored to your life.

Final Thoughts

If you’ve maxed out your 401k as you are investing for retirement, you’re doing something right. But don’t stop there. Understanding what to do after maxing out 401k contributions opens the door to a wider world of wealth-building strategies that are more flexible, tax-aware, and goal-driven.

Here’s a quick recap:

  1. Max out the employer match and annual limit in your 401(k)

  2. Open a Roth IRA or explore a backdoor Roth

  3. Build out a taxable brokerage account

  4. Think long-term and flexible, especially for early retirement or large life events

  5. Use tax strategies and automation to make your plan efficient and consistent

At Bonfire Financial, we work with clients every day who want to optimize their savings and make the most of their money. If you’re ready to go beyond the basics and build a plan that’s personal, strategic, and forward-thinking, we’re here to help.

Ready to take the next step?

Schedule a free consultation. Let’s map out your next move.

Investing in CDs: A Low-Risk Strategy You’re Probably Overlooking

Posted on by Brian Colvert

If you’re looking for a low-risk, predictable way to grow your money, investing in CDs (Certificates of Deposit) might be worth a second look. While they might not be the flashiest option in your portfolio, CDs offer stability, security, and in today’s market, surprisingly decent returns. Let’s break down what CDs are, how they work, and why they might deserve a spot in your financial plan.

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What Is a CD (Certificate of Deposit)?

A Certificate of Deposit is a financial product offered by banks and credit unions. It allows you to deposit money for a fixed period, typically ranging from three months to five years, in exchange for a guaranteed interest rate. In return, you agree not to withdraw your funds during that term without paying a penalty.

The trade-off?

A higher interest rate than you’d typically earn from a traditional savings account. Plus, your investment is protected by FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) insurance, up to $250,000 per depositor, per bank, which provides peace of mind and a sense of financial security. CDs are often seen as a great way to safeguard cash that you want to grow without exposure to market volatility. They’re straightforward, easy to understand, and come in a variety of terms that fit most savings goals.

Why CDs Are Gaining Popularity Again

In recent years, low interest rates made CDs less appealing. But as interest rates have risen, so have CD yields. In some cases, one year CDs have offered rates exceeding 5%, which is competitive with many bonds but with less risk and complexity. In a time when inflation and market volatility are top of mind for investors, CDs have become a compelling option. With guaranteed returns and federal insurance backing, they offer peace of mind in uncertain times.

Another reason for renewed interest is that CDs can serve as a temporary parking place for cash you may not need immediately. For example, if you plan to buy a home in the next year or want to set aside funds for a child’s tuition, a CD allows that money to earn more than a savings account while remaining protected.

Understanding CD Laddering: A Smart Strategy

One challenge with investing in CDs is that your money is locked up for a set time. That can create issues if you need liquidity. Enter: CD laddering.

CD laddering is a strategy that involves opening multiple CDs with different maturity dates. For example:

  • 3 month CD
  • 6 month CD
  • 9 month CD
  • 12 month CD

As each CD matures, you reinvest the money into a new 12 month CD. Over time, you’ll have a CD maturing every quarter, providing access to your funds without sacrificing returns. This strategy gives you the best of both worlds: higher returns from longer term CDs and consistent access to cash.

Why laddering works:

  • Provides ongoing liquidity
  • Takes advantage of rising rates
  • Reduces the impact of rate fluctuations
  • Helps maintain a balanced, conservative cash management approach

Laddering is especially effective when you’re managing cash for short to medium term goals but still want to earn something meaningful on your money.

The Safety Net: FDIC Insurance

One of the biggest advantages of investing in CDs is the built in safety net: FDIC insurance. If your bank fails, the federal government covers your deposit (up to $250,000 per depositor, per bank). This makes CDs one of the safest investment vehicles available.

Want to invest more than $250,000? You can still stay insured by spreading your CDs across multiple banks. For high net worth individuals, brokered CDs, offered by firms like Schwab, Fidelity, or Merrill Lynch, allow you to manage large CD portfolios and stay within insurance limits.

Brokered CDs vs. Traditional Bank CDs

Traditional CDs are offered by your local bank or credit union. Brokered CDs, on the other hand, are sold through investment firms and allow you to:

  • Access CDs from multiple banks
  • Get competitive rates
  • Stay within FDIC insurance limits
  • Integrate CD investing into a broader portfolio with a financial advisor

However, brokered CDs may have less flexibility for early withdrawals. If you need to cash out early, you’ll likely have to sell it on the secondary market, and that could result in a loss if rates have risen since your purchase. That’s why brokered CDs are better suited for those who are confident they won’t need to touch the funds before maturity.

What Happens if You Need to Cash Out Early?

CDs aren’t known for their liquidity. If you break a CD before it matures, you may face penalties:

  • Bank CDs: Early withdrawal fees, typically a portion of the interest earned.
  • Brokered CDs: You’ll need to sell on the open market, where prices fluctuate with interest rates.

That’s why planning your liquidity needs is critical. CD laddering can help here, but make sure you have other liquid assets available for emergencies. A good rule of thumb is to keep 3 to 6 months of living expenses in a highly liquid account, like a savings or money market account.

Comparing CDs to Other Investments

Bonds vs CDs:

  • CDs are FDIC insured; most bonds are not.
  • Bonds may offer higher returns but come with credit and market risk.
  • Bonds fluctuate in value; CDs pay a fixed return if held to maturity.

Savings Accounts vs. CDs:

  • CDs generally offer higher interest rates.
  • Savings accounts offer better liquidity and flexibility.
  • CDs require committing to a time period; savings accounts do not.

Money Market Accounts vs CDs:

  • CDs can have better fixed rates.
  • Money markets offer variable rates and check-writing privileges.
  • Both may be FDIC insured but have different liquidity profiles.

When Do CDs Make Sense?

CDs are ideal if:

  • You’re saving for a specific short to mid term goal
  • You’re risk averse and want principal protection
  • You don’t need immediate access to the funds
  • You’re looking for a place to earn interest on cash you’ve already set aside

Common use cases:

  • Emergency reserves (when laddered)
  • Saving for a home, car, or large future purchase
  • Parking cash during market volatility or downturns
  • Stashing business reserves for tax or payroll obligations

Risks and Downsides of Investing in CDs

While CDs are low risk, they’re not risk free:

  • Inflation Risk: If inflation rises significantly, your CD’s return may lose purchasing power.
  • Liquidity Risk: Your money is tied up unless you’re willing to pay a penalty or take a loss.
  • Opportunity Cost: If interest rates rise after you lock in a CD, you miss out on the higher return.

The key is balance. CDs shouldn’t be your only investment, but they can serve an important role alongside more aggressive or growth-focused strategies.

Maximizing CD Returns

To get the most from CD investing:

  • Compare rates across institutions and platforms
  • Use CD ladders to maintain flexibility and manage cash flow
  • Look into brokered CDs if you’re managing large balances
  • Reinvest matured CDs at new, higher rates if available
  • Avoid tying up all your liquid cash,  keep a buffer in savings

Online banks and credit unions often offer higher CD rates than brick and mortar institutions. Keep an eye on rate changes, especially in a rising rate environment.

Final Thoughts: Are CDs Right for You?

Investing in CDs isn’t going to make you rich overnight, but they can be a smart, low-risk part of your portfolio, especially when rates are attractive. Whether you’re building a ladder, protecting a cash reserve, or just looking for a better alternative to your savings account, CDs offer a blend of security and predictability that’s hard to beat.

As always, your overall financial goals, timeline, and risk tolerance should guide your decision. CDs are one tool in the toolbox, but when used strategically, they can help you sleep better at night, knowing your money is working for you.

Next Steps

If you want help deciding if CDs fit your financial plan, let’s talk. Schedule a consultation call today!

Asymmetric Risk: How to Invest Wisely, Even If You’re Wrong Most of the Time

Posted on by Brian Colvert

Most investors think they understand risk. You win some, you lose some. Right?

Not quite.

Asymmetric risk is a smarter, more nuanced approach to investing that separates sophisticated investors from the crowd. At its core, asymmetric risk means making investments where the potential upside far outweighs the possible downside. You’re risking a small amount of capital for the chance of significant gains, without betting the farm.

Think of it as risk with a safety net. Even if things go south, the damage is minimal. If they go north? You could be looking at life-changing gains.

In our latest podcast, Brian breaks down exactly how asymmetric risk works, how much to allocate, and why it can help you grow wealth even if you’re not always right.

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Why Asymmetric Risk Matters for Modern Investors

Most people don’t know this, but the wealthiest investors rarely risk large portions of their portfolios on uncertain outcomes. Instead, they carve out a small slice for asymmetric opportunities, places where a small bet could deliver an outsized return. This strategy allows them to participate in high-reward opportunities without jeopardizing their overall financial stability. Even if several of these bets don’t pay off, a single big winner can more than compensate for the losses, driving significant portfolio growth over time.

Here’s why it works:

  • Small, calculated risks can drive portfolio growth without threatening financial security.

  • Losses are capped, gains are theoretically unlimited.

  • It protects your long-term goals while still allowing for meaningful upside.

The average investor often flips this equation,  risking too much chasing quick wins or being too conservative and missing out entirely. They either over-leverage themselves in hopes of striking it rich overnight or let fear drive their decisions, parking money in low-return assets that can’t outpace inflation. Both approaches ignore the power of asymmetric risk.

Real-World Examples of Asymmetric Risk

Let’s put some real-world context behind the theory:

Investment Type Asymmetric Risk Potential
Crypto (Bitcoin, Ethereum)           Small buy-ins with potential for exponential returns.
Stock Options           Low-cost options can lead to large payoffs.
Private Equity / Startups          Modest stakes in early-stage companies with unicorn potential.
Real Estate Deals          Small investments in properties with big appreciation upside.
Individual Stocks          Early buys in disruptors like Nvidia or Tesla years before they became giants.

Of course, none of these are recommendations, just illustrations of how asymmetric risk plays out in real portfolios.

How Much Should You Allocate to Asymmetric Risk?

There’s no universal number. Your risk tolerance, goals, and time horizon all come into play.

Here’s a general framework Brian shares with clients:

    Investor Profile     Suggested Allocation
Very Conservative 1% to 5%
Balanced 5% to 10%
Aggressive 10% to 20%

Key rule: Never risk more than you’re willing to lose completely.

As your wealth grows, the dollar amounts grow, but the percentage should align with your risk comfort and life stage. What feels like a small, manageable risk at one point in your life might feel too aggressive at another, or vice versa. Younger investors often allocate a higher percentage to asymmetric opportunities, while those approaching or in retirement typically reduce their exposure to preserve capital and minimize volatility. The key is to regularly reassess both your financial situation and your comfort with risk as they evolve.

The 3 Factors That Should Guide Your Asymmetric Risk Strategy

1. Your Goals (The Science)

Know exactly what you’re aiming for. Retirement income? A legacy for your kids? Dream travel? Quantify it. This shapes how much risk you can afford to take.

2. Your Time Horizon (The Math)

The longer you have, the more room there is to weather volatility and let asymmetric bets play out.

3. Your Risk Tolerance (The Art)

This isn’t a number on a quiz. It’s how you actually feel when markets swing or when an investment turns south. Risk tolerance varies wildly even among people with identical finances. Two investors with the same portfolio size and income might react very differently to the same market event, one seeing it as a buying opportunity, the other feeling panic. Personal experiences, past losses or gains, and even personality traits all influence how much risk feels acceptable. That’s why understanding your true tolerance isn’t just about numbers; it’s about knowing your emotional response to uncertainty.

Why Most Risk Tolerance Quizzes Fail

Most online risk assessments fall short because they treat risk as a logical decision, not an emotional experience.

People say they’re fine with volatility until they see a $100,000 loss in black and white. Brian’s clients often express this clearly:

  • “When I gain, I think in percentages.”

  • “When I lose, I feel it in dollars.”

Your emotional reaction to loss is what defines your true risk tolerance, not what you check off in an online quiz.

Why does understanding your risk tolerance matter so much? Because it directly influences how much of your portfolio you can confidently allocate to asymmetric opportunities. As your financial situation evolves, so should your approach to risk.

Investors who grasp their true risk tolerance are better equipped to take advantage of asymmetric risk. They adjust their exposure as their wealth grows without stepping outside their comfort zone or compromising long-term goals.

How Asymmetric Risk Changes As You Grow Wealth

As your assets increase, you can scale up your asymmetric risk investments without increasing your portfolio percentage.

Example:

  • $1 million portfolio → $50,000 (5%) into asymmetric risk.

  • $2 million portfolio → $100,000 (5%) same percentage.

Even though the percentage stays the same, your opportunity to capture major gains grows. A 5% allocation in a larger portfolio means more capital is working for you in asymmetric opportunities, increasing the potential dollar amount of any upside.

This allows your wealth-building strategy to scale without requiring you to take on proportionally more risk. Over time, as winners emerge from these calculated bets. They can meaningfully boost your portfolio’s overall growth, even if only a few outperform while others fall short.

Why Asymmetric Risk Should Shrink (But Not Disappear) Near Retirement

In early and mid-career, it makes sense to allocate more to asymmetric opportunities. You have time to recover from losses and let winners compound.

As you near retirement:

  • Consider dialing back the percentage.

  • Rebalance your portfolio regularly.

  • Still keep a slice dedicated to growth to offset inflation.

However, even retirees shouldn’t avoid asymmetric risk entirely. It can provide a growth engine to help keep up with rising living costs and unexpected expenses. While the proportion allocated to asymmetric opportunities may decrease in retirement, maintaining some exposure allows your portfolio to continue growing beyond conservative income-generating assets like bonds or CDs.

This growth potential becomes especially important in protecting against inflation and ensuring your assets can support a long retirement.

That said, it’s crucial to adjust your asymmetric risk allocation thoughtfully as you approach and move through retirement. Even with the best intentions, investors often stumble when it comes to executing this strategy effectively.

Common Mistakes Investors Make With Asymmetric Risk

Successfully incorporating asymmetric risk into a portfolio requires discipline, patience, and an honest understanding of your personal risk tolerance. Unfortunately, even savvy investors can fall into these common traps:

  • Overconcentration
    Going all-in on one “big bet.” Early success can breed overconfidence, tempting investors to allocate too much capital to a single opportunity. While it’s natural to want to increase exposure to a winning strategy, overconcentration defeats the purpose of asymmetric risk, which is to limit downside exposure.
  • Chasing Past Winners
    It’s easy to fall into the habit of adding to investments that have already skyrocketed. But true asymmetric opportunities are usually found early, before widespread adoption or mainstream success. Chasing past winners often leads to buying in at elevated valuations, reducing the potential upside and increasing downside risk.
  • Ignoring Liquidity
    Many asymmetric plays, such as private equity, venture capital, or certain real estate deals, can tie up your funds for years. Failing to consider liquidity needs can create cash flow problems or force you to exit positions prematurely, often at a loss.
  • Neglecting Professional Guidance
    The allure of asymmetric risk can lead some investors to go it alone, especially with the rise of online investing platforms and market forums. However, without a deep understanding of the risks and how these investments fit into your overall financial strategy, DIY approaches can quickly backfire. A CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ can help vet opportunities, manage risk exposure, and ensure that asymmetric bets align with your long-term goals.

How to Identify a Smart Asymmetric Risk Opportunity

Avoiding these common mistakes is just the first step. To make the most of asymmetric risk, you also need to know how to spot the right opportunities and filter out the wrong ones.

Not every opportunity with big potential qualifies as a smart asymmetric risk. Before investing, ask yourself these critical questions:

What’s the maximum I could lose?
Always define the worst-case scenario upfront.

What’s the realistic upside?
Be honest. Is the potential return worth the risk, or are you being overly optimistic?

How does this fit into my overall portfolio?
Asymmetric bets should complement, not dominate, your portfolio.

Will losing this money derail my goals?
If the answer is yes, it’s not the right asymmetric play.

How liquid is the investment?
Can you easily exit if needed, or will your capital be locked up?

What’s the track record of similar investments?
While past performance doesn’t guarantee future results, it can offer valuable context.

Beyond the checklist:
Smart asymmetric investing also means understanding the timing and context of an opportunity. Markets are dynamic. What looked like a great bet six months ago might not hold the same potential today.

Asymmetric Risk vs. Asymmetric Opportunity: Know the Difference

It’s important to distinguish between asymmetric risk and asymmetric opportunity.

  • Asymmetric risk focuses on the structure of a specific investment,  the balance between potential loss and potential gain.

  • Asymmetric opportunity refers to the broader environment, favorable market timing, disruptive trends, regulatory changes, or macroeconomic shifts that can magnify the potential of an investment.

Successful investors look for asymmetric opportunities where asymmetric risk structures already exist. It’s not just about finding a great idea; it’s about finding the right idea at the right time, with the right risk-to-reward balance.

Asymmetric Risk and Behavioral Finance: The Hidden Challenge

Understanding asymmetric risk intellectually is easy. Applying it emotionally is hard.

Why?

Because humans are naturally wired to avoid loss. In fact, studies in behavioral finance have shown that losses feel about twice as painful as equivalent gains feel rewarding, a phenomenon known as loss aversion.

This emotional response can lead even the most rational investors to make poor decisions. When faced with real dollar losses, it becomes difficult to stay objective. Investors might:

  • Pull out of investments too early at the first sign of trouble.

  • Double down on losing positions out of a desire to “get even.”

  • Avoid taking new opportunities entirely after experiencing a loss.

This is where asymmetric risk presents a unique challenge. While the strategy is built to absorb small losses in pursuit of larger wins, emotionally accepting those losses, even when they’re expected and planned for, can be uncomfortable.

That’s why working with a trusted advisor can be a game-changer.

A good advisor (like us *wink*) does more than just recommend investments. They help:

  • Keep your emotions in check during both market highs and lows.

  • Align asymmetric bets with your broader financial plan, so no single setback derails your progress.

  • Provide access to vetted asymmetric opportunities that fit your goals and risk tolerance.

  • Reassess and rebalance as your financial situation evolves.

Ultimately, while asymmetric risk offers a powerful way to pursue growth, the ability to stick with the strategy often determines success more than the strategy itself.

Why Asymmetric Risk Isn’t Just for the Wealthy

While high-net-worth individuals use this strategy often, any investor can apply it at the right scale.

It’s not about chasing moonshots or gambling. It’s about creating a portfolio that can:

  • Absorb small losses.
    By allocating only a small percentage to higher-risk opportunities, even multiple losses won’t significantly impact your overall wealth.

  • Capitalize on big wins.
    When an asymmetric bet pays off, the gains can be substantial enough to offset many smaller losses — and then some.

  • Build wealth responsibly over time.
    This approach lets you participate in growth without putting your financial security at risk.

Asymmetric risk levels the playing field. Whether you’re investing $5,000 or $500,000, the principle remains the same: focus on opportunities where the reward dramatically outweighs the risk. And as Brian often reminds clients, success in investing isn’t about being right all the time,  it’s about structuring your portfolio so that when you are right, it counts in a big way.

Key Takeaways

  • Asymmetric risk means risking a small, affordable amount for the chance at a large gain.

  • It’s a powerful tool for portfolio growth without jeopardizing financial stability.

  • Your allocation should reflect your goals, time horizon, and personal risk tolerance.

  • Mistakes happen when investors overcommit or fail to rebalance.

  • Professional advice helps navigate the emotional and strategic challenges of asymmetric investing.

Next Steps

If your advisor isn’t talking to you about asymmetric risk, they should be.

At Bonfire Financial, we specialize in helping clients use asymmetric risk intelligently,  not as a get-rich-quick scheme, but as a thoughtful, disciplined growth strategy.

Ready to explore asymmetric risk opportunities tailored to your goals? Schedule a call with us!

Investing in Private Equity as a Business Owner

Posted on by Brian Colvert

Investing in Private Equity

As a business owner, you’ve likely poured time, energy, and capital into building a company from the ground up. You understand risk, reward, and how to make strategic investments that generate real returns. But as your business matures or you begin to explore new opportunities, one powerful yet often misunderstood strategy enters the conversation: investing in private equity.

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Private equity has long been the playground of institutional investors and ultra-high-net-worth individuals. But today, more business owners are discovering that private equity can be a smart, strategic way to diversify their portfolio, generate long-term returns, and stay connected to the world of entrepreneurship, without the day-to-day operations. Today we’ll break down what private equity is, how it works, the benefits and risks, and how business owners can leverage it effectively.

What Is Private Equity?

At its core, private equity refers to investing in companies that are not publicly traded on stock exchanges. These are privately held businesses, often with strong fundamentals and growth potential, that are looking for capital to expand, restructure, or prepare for a sale or public offering.

Private equity investors typically provide that capital in exchange for ownership stakes, then work to improve the company’s value over time. This can involve operational improvements, financial restructuring, management changes, or even merging with other companies. The ultimate goal? To sell the company at a higher valuation and deliver a return on investment.

There are a few key ways investors can participate in private equity:

  • Direct Ownership: Buying a stake directly in a private company, often as part of an ownership group.
  • Private Equity Funds: Investing in a fund managed by professionals who allocate capital across a portfolio of private companies.
  • Fund of Funds: Investing in a fund that itself invests in multiple private equity funds, offering greater diversification.
  • Private Equity ETFs: While technically public, some ETFs offer exposure to private equity firms, though they may lack the returns and control of direct investment.

Why Business Owners Should Consider Investing in Private Equity

Business owners are uniquely positioned to understand private equity because they already live in the world of private enterprise. You know what it takes to scale a business, manage risk, and create value.

Here are several reasons why investing in private equity makes sense:

1. You Already Understand the Landscape

As a business owner, you likely have insight into operations, sales, marketing, leadership, and finance. This makes you well-suited to evaluate potential private equity investments. You may even have an edge in identifying promising companies in your own industry.

2. Higher Potential Returns

Private equity has historically outperformed public markets over the long term. According to data from Cambridge Associates and other sources, private equity has delivered higher average annual returns than many traditional asset classes.

3. Diversification

Most business owners have a significant portion of their wealth tied up in their own company. Investing in private equity allows you to diversify within a space you understand, reducing concentration risk while still staying aligned with your entrepreneurial mindset.

4. Hands-Off Ownership

Not all private equity investments require active management. By investing in a fund or as a limited partner, you can participate in the growth of private companies without the time and responsibility of running another business.

5. Exit Strategy Alignment

Private equity can also play a role when you sell your business. Many owners roll over part of their equity into the acquiring firm’s private equity structure, giving them continued exposure and upside potential.

Understanding the Risks

Of course, investing in private equity isn’t without risk. Here are a few things to be aware of:

1. Illiquidity

Private equity investments are typically long-term commitments. Your capital may be tied up for 5 to 10 years, and you won’t have the flexibility to sell shares quickly like you would with public stocks.

2. Accredited Investor Requirements

To participate in most private equity funds, you must meet certain income or net worth thresholds to be considered an accredited investor. This ensures that you can absorb potential losses and do not require short-term liquidity.

3. Higher Fees

Private equity funds often charge management fees (usually around 2%) and performance-based fees (commonly 20% of profits over a set threshold). These fees can eat into returns if the fund underperforms.

4. Lack of Transparency

Private companies aren’t subject to the same disclosure requirements as public ones. That means you might not get the same level of financial information or regular reporting.

Evaluating Private Equity Opportunities

When considering an investment in private equity, take the time to evaluate each opportunity just as you would any other major business decision. Key questions to ask include:

  • What is the company’s business model and competitive advantage?
  • Who is on the management team?
  • What is the growth strategy?
  • How is the company currently performing?
  • What is the exit strategy?
  • If you’re investing in a fund:
  • What is the fund’s track record?
  • How much experience does the fund manager have?
  • What industries does the fund specialize in?
  • What are the fees and liquidity terms?

Working with a financial advisor who understands both private equity and your overall financial picture can help ensure the opportunity fits into your broader wealth strategy.

Case Study: The Post-Exit Business Owner

Consider the example of a business owner who recently sold a manufacturing company for $8 million. After taxes, legal fees, and setting aside an emergency reserve, they have $5 million to invest. They’re already maxing out retirement accounts and own income-generating real estate.

Rather than putting the full $5 million into public markets, they decide to allocate $1.5 million into a private equity fund that specializes in mid-market logistics firms—a space they know well. By doing so, they:

  • Stay connected to a familiar industry
  • Benefit from professional fund management
  • Avoid operational stress
  • Have the potential to earn strong long-term returns

The remainder of their portfolio is split between municipal bonds, a diversified ETF portfolio, and some philanthropic giving. This approach creates balance while allowing their capital to continue working in the business world.

The Future of Private Equity for Business Owners

Private equity isn’t just for the big players anymore. More platforms are making it accessible to qualified investors with lower minimums, better transparency, and tailored strategies. As a business owner, you can leverage your knowledge and experience to identify quality investments, assess risk, and make educated decisions that align with your goals.

Whether you’re preparing for a future exit, looking to put surplus cash to work, or simply diversifying away from your primary business, investing in private equity offers a compelling path forward.

Final Thoughts

Investing in private equity gives business owners the chance to continue doing what they do best: evaluating opportunities, understanding risk, and building value. It can be an effective tool for diversification, long-term growth, and staying engaged in the entrepreneurial world without the daily grind.

Next Steps

If you’re curious about how private equity could fit into your wealth and retirement strategy, we’d love to help. Book a call with us to explore how investing in private equity could support your long-term goals. With the right approach, private equity might be more than just a good investment; it might be your next big move.

How Diversification Can Save You From a Retirement Meltdown

Posted on by Brian Colvert

If you ask most people what the secret to a successful retirement is, you might hear answers like “save early,” “invest in the right stocks,” or “work with a good financial advisor.” All great advice. But there’s one strategy that often gets overlooked because it’s not flashy, it’s not new, and it won’t land you on the cover of Forbes. That strategy? Diversification.

Let’s be honest: Diversification isn’t exciting. It doesn’t come with big headlines or viral TikToks. But if you’re heading into retirement (or already there), diversification could be the very thing that helps you sleep at night when the markets get bumpy. And that’s worth talking about.

Today we’re going to break down why diversification is more than just a buzzword, it’s a lifeline. We’ll look at how it works, why it matters more in retirement than during your growth years, and how to use it strategically to protect your hard-earned assets.

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What Is Diversification, Really?

At its core, diversification means not putting all your eggs in one basket. In investment terms, it means spreading your money across different asset classes, sectors, industries, and geographies. The goal? To reduce your exposure to any single risk.

It doesn’t mean you won’t ever lose money. It does mean that when one area of the market is down, another might be up—helping to smooth out the ride.

Why Diversification Matters More in Retirement

When you’re in your 30s, 40s, or even early 50s, you’re in growth mode. You have income coming in, time on your side, and the ability to take on more risk. You might go all in on tech stocks, try your hand at crypto, or take a flyer on a promising startup. And when those bets pay off, it feels great.

But retirement changes the game.

You’re no longer building your nest egg, you’re relying on it. Your paycheck is gone. Your expenses? Still very much alive and well. And the fear of running out of money? Real.

This is where diversification becomes critical.

A highly concentrated portfolio might have served you well in your accumulation phase. But in retirement, big swings in value become dangerous. A 50% drop in a single stock might not have phased you before, but it hits differently when you’re drawing from your portfolio to cover everyday expenses.

Growth vs. Protection: The Shift in Strategy

Think of it like this: In your career, being specialized often leads to higher pay. A cardiac surgeon earns more than a general practitioner. A software engineer specializing in AI might command a bigger paycheck than a generalist developer.

The same logic applies in investing. Specializing—or concentrating—can yield big results. But it comes with more volatility.

As you near retirement, your strategy needs to shift from growing your wealth to protecting it. You don’t need 40% returns. You need reliable, steady performance and the confidence that your money will be there when you need it.

What Diversification Looks Like in Retirement

So what does a diversified portfolio actually look like for someone in or near retirement? Here are the main components:

  1. Equities Across Sectors and Sizes: Investing in a broad mix of stocks, including large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap companies across different sectors (technology, healthcare, consumer goods, etc.) helps avoid overexposure to one area of the market.
  2. ETFs and Mutual Funds: Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and mutual funds offer built-in diversification. One fund can give you exposure to hundreds or even thousands of companies.
  3. Fixed Income (Bonds, CDs, Treasuries): Bonds are a staple of retirement portfolios. From Treasury bonds backed by the U.S. government to corporate bonds and municipal offerings, they provide income and stability. CDs and short-term Treasuries offer ultra-safe options for near-term needs.
  4. Real Estate: Whether through REITs or directly owned property, real estate can provide a stable income stream. It also adds a layer of diversification that doesn’t always move in lockstep with the stock market.
  5. Alternative Investments: Private credit, private equity, or commodities like gold can offer additional diversification. Alternative investments often behave differently than stocks and bonds.
  6. Cash Reserves: Don’t underestimate the power of having some cash on hand. In market downturns, cash gives you flexibility to avoid selling assets at a loss.

It’s Not Just About What You Own—It’s About When You Use It

Diversification isn’t only about what you invest in. It’s also about how and when you draw on those assets. If the stock market drops 20%, you don’t want to be forced to sell equities to fund your living expenses. Instead, you might pull from your bond ladder, real estate income, or cash reserves. This approach gives your equities time to recover—and your overall portfolio a better chance of staying intact.

Strategic diversification gives you flexibility. It gives you options. And options are everything in retirement.

Common Misconceptions About Diversification

Let’s clear up a few myths:

  • Myth 1: “I already own five stocks, so I’m diversified.”Not quite. True diversification spans sectors, asset classes, and risk profiles. Five tech stocks? That’s not diversification—it’s concentration.
  • Myth 2: “Diversification means I won’t make as much money.”Possibly true, but also missing the point. You don’t need outsized gains in retirement—you need consistency. Remember: doubling your money won’t change your life as much as losing half of it.
  • Myth 3: “All diversification is equal.”Nope. Diversifying across mutual funds that all hold the same top 10 stocks isn’t true diversification. Look under the hood of your investments.

How to Tell If You’re Truly Diversified

A few good questions to ask yourself :

  • How much of my portfolio is in one sector or company?
  • Am I exposed to different types of investments (stocks, bonds, real estate, etc.)?
  • Do I have income sources that don’t rely on the stock market?
  • If the market dropped 30% tomorrow, would I be forced to sell something at a loss?
  • Is my risk level aligned with my retirement goals?

If you’re unsure, it’s time for a checkup.

The Real Goal: Peace of Mind

At the end of the day, diversification isn’t about being fancy. It’s about creating a plan that gives you confidence.

You don’t want to be the retiree glued to CNBC, wondering if your favorite stock is about to tank. You want to be the retiree sipping coffee, knowing your portfolio is built to weather the storm.

Because here’s the thing: the market will dip. There will be recessions. Headlines will get scary. But a well-diversified portfolio doesn’t panic—it pivots.

Final Thoughts: Diversify Like Your Retirement Depends on It (Because It Does)

If you’re still chasing big returns with concentrated bets as you near retirement, it’s time to reconsider. There’s nothing wrong with going big during your accumulation years. But once you’re approaching or entering retirement, the name of the game is preservation.

And that’s where diversification shines.

It may not be exciting. It may not be trendy. But it works. And when it comes to your retirement, that’s exactly what you want.

Next Steps

Need help creating a diversified retirement plan that actually fits your life? Let’s talk. At Bonfire Financial, we help clients build smart, stable portfolios that are designed to go the distance. Schedule a call with us today! 

Roth Conversion: Turning Market Lows Into Tax-Free Growth

Posted on by Brian Colvert

Market downturns can be nerve-wracking. When stocks dip, it’s easy to feel like you should hit pause on any big financial moves. But what if a downturn was actually an opportunity? If you’ve been considering a Roth conversion, now might be the best time to act.

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A Roth conversion allows you to move money from a tax-deferred retirement account (like a traditional IRA) into a Roth IRA. The trade-off? You’ll pay taxes now on the converted amount, but in return, your money grows tax-free and can be withdrawn tax-free in retirement. And when markets are down, this strategy becomes even more attractive.

In this post, we’ll break down why a downturn is an ideal time for a Roth conversion, how it works, and what you need to consider before making your move.

What Is a Roth Conversion?

A Roth conversion is the process of moving pre-tax retirement funds from a traditional IRA or 401(k) into a Roth IRA. Normally, traditional retirement accounts are tax-deferred, meaning you don’t pay taxes when you contribute, but you will when you withdraw in retirement.

With a Roth IRA, the opposite is true—you pay taxes upfront but enjoy tax-free withdrawals later. By converting funds now, you lock in today’s tax rates and eliminate the uncertainty of potentially higher tax rates in the future.

Why a Market Downturn Is a Smart Time for a Roth Conversion

A downturn in the stock market may seem like a time to retreat, but for savvy investors, it can be the perfect moment to make strategic financial moves. Here’s why:

1. You Get More Shares for Your Money

When stock prices drop, the value of your traditional IRA also declines. If you convert those assets to a Roth IRA during a downturn, you’re moving shares at a lower valuation, meaning you pay taxes on a lower dollar amount.

For example:

  • If your traditional IRA held $100,000 before a downturn and its value drops to $80,000, a Roth conversion would only trigger taxes on the $80,000 instead of $100,000.
  • When the market recovers, those assets will grow tax-free within your Roth IRA.

By converting at a discount, you position yourself for greater tax-free growth when the market rebounds.

2. You Can Pay Less in Taxes

Since the IRS taxes Roth conversions as ordinary income, the lower your conversion amount, the less you’ll owe in taxes. If a downturn reduces your taxable income (for example, if you have lower capital gains or fewer bonuses this year), you may land in a lower tax bracket—making a Roth conversion even more attractive.

3. No Required Minimum Distributions 

Unlike traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs don’t require minimum distributions (RMDs) when you hit age 73. That means you can keep your money invested longer, allowing it to grow tax-free for as long as you want.

4. More Flexibility in Retirement

A Roth conversion now can provide greater flexibility later. By having both traditional and Roth funds, you can better control your taxable income in retirement, pulling from different accounts depending on your tax situation each year.

Breaking It Down: A Simple Roth Conversion Example

Let’s say you’re planning to convert $8,000 into a Roth IRA. Here’s how the numbers might play out in different market conditions:

  • When the market is high: The stock you want to buy is $100 per share. Your $8,000 buys 80 shares.
  • When the market is low: The same stock is now $80 per share. Your $8,000 buys 100 shares.

If the stock eventually rebounds to $100 per share, the account value in each scenario would be:

  • Market High Conversion: 80 shares × $100 = $8,000
  • Market Low Conversion: 100 shares × $100 = $10,000

That’s a 25% gain in your tax-free Roth account simply because you converted during a downturn.

How to Decide If a Roth Conversion Is Right for You

While a Roth conversion can be a smart move, it’s not a one-size-fits-all strategy. Consider these factors before moving forward:

1. Your Current vs. Future Tax Bracket

  • If you expect your tax rate to be higher in retirement, a Roth conversion now at a lower tax rate makes sense.
  • If you’re currently in a high tax bracket but expect it to drop later, waiting might be a better choice.

2. Your Ability to Pay the Taxes

  • Taxes on the conversion should ideally be paid from a non-retirement account.
  • Using IRA funds to pay taxes means you’ll be left with a smaller balance growing tax-free.

3. Your Retirement Timeline

  • If you plan to retire soon and need the money within five years, a Roth conversion might not be ideal. Withdrawals from converted funds within five years of conversion trigger a penalty.

4. Your Estate Planning Goals

  • If you want to pass on wealth tax-free to heirs, a Roth conversion is a great tool.
  • Unlike traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs don’t require heirs to pay taxes on withdrawals.

How to Execute a Roth Conversion in a Downturn

If you decide a Roth conversion makes sense, here’s how to get started:

  1. Evaluate Your Portfolio – Identify which assets are best suited for conversion.
  2. Estimate Taxes Owed – Work with a fiduciary financial advisor or CPA to calculate tax liability.
  3. Choose a Conversion Amount – Decide how much you can afford to convert while staying in your tax bracket.
  4. Initiate the Conversion – Work with your brokerage to move funds from your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA.
  5. Pay the Taxes – Ensure you have cash on hand to cover the tax bill without tapping into retirement savings.

Common Roth Conversion Mistakes to Avoid

Before you jump in, avoid these pitfalls:

  • Converting Too Much at Once – Large conversions can push you into a higher tax bracket. Consider a multi-year conversion strategy.
  • Not Planning for the Tax Bill – Don’t forget you’ll owe taxes on the converted amount in the year of conversion.
  • Overlooking the Five-Year Rule – If you convert funds, you must wait five years before withdrawing them without penalty.

Final Thoughts: Should You Convert to a Roth During a Downturn?

A Roth conversion is one of the smartest moves you can make during a market downturn. By converting assets when their value is temporarily lower, you reduce your tax burden and set yourself up for greater tax-free growth in the future.

However, this strategy isn’t right for everyone. If you’re unsure whether a Roth conversion fits your financial plan, contact us today to discuss whether a Roth conversion is the right move for you.

Tariffs Explained: How They Impact Your Wallet and Investments

Posted on by Brian Colvert

Tariffs Explained

Tariffs have been a hot topic in recent years, sparking debates on whether they serve as a powerful economic tool or an unnecessary burden on businesses and consumers. If you’ve been wondering how tariffs actually work, how they affect your daily life, and what they mean for investors, this guide will break it all down.

From supply chains to stock market fluctuations, tariffs influence the global economy in ways that may not always be obvious. So, let’s dive into what they are, how they function, and whether they are truly beneficial or detrimental to economic stability.

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What Are Tariffs?

At their core, tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods. Governments use tariffs, or import taxes, to control trade, generate revenue, or protect domestic industries from foreign competition. When an import tax is applied, the importer (typically a business) must pay the government a fee based on a percentage of the product’s price. This cost may or may not be passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices.

Types of Tariffs

  1. Ad Valorem Tariffs– Charged as a percentage of the product’s value (e.g., a 10% tariff on imported steel).
  2. Specific Tariffs – A fixed fee per unit (e.g., $5 per imported car tire).
  3. Protective Tariffs – Designed to shield domestic businesses from foreign competition by making imports more expensive.
  4. Revenue Tariffs – Implemented primarily to raise government revenue rather than restrict trade.

While widely used throughout history, in today’s globalized economy, they can lead to unintended consequences.

Recent Tariff Announcements Under Trump

In early 2025, former President Donald Trump announced significant tariffs affecting major U.S. trading partners. Specifically, a 25% tariff was imposed on imports from Canada and Mexico, while a 10% tariff targeted Chinese goods. These measures were justified by the administration as necessary responses to issues such as illegal immigration and the influx of fentanyl into the United States.

Economists warn that such broad import taxes could lead to increased costs for U.S. consumers and businesses, potentially exacerbating inflationary pressures. Industries heavily reliant on imported materials, such as manufacturing and retail, may face higher production costs, which could be passed on to consumers in the form of elevated prices for goods ranging from electronics to everyday household items.

Retaliatory Tariffs

In response, Canada and Mexico have signaled intentions to implement retaliatory tariffs on American goods, raising concerns about a potential trade war within North America. Such actions could further disrupt supply chains and negatively impact various sectors, including agriculture and automotive industries, which are integral to cross-border trade.

China has also indicated plans to retaliate, including imposing tariffs on U.S. goods and initiating regulatory actions against major American technology companies operating within its borders. These developments add complexity to the already strained U.S.-China trade relations and could have long-term implications for global trade dynamics.

Negotiations:

Following negotiations, both Canada and Mexico agreed to enhance border security efforts. Canada committed to stationing 10,000 troops at the northern border and taking measures to curb fentanyl smuggling. Similarly, Mexico agreed to deploy 10,000 National Guard troops to its U.S. border to address fentanyl trafficking and illegal immigration. In response to these commitments, President Trump agreed to a 30-day pause on the proposed tariffs against these two countries.

However, the 10% tariff on Chinese goods remains in effect, with China announcing retaliatory measures, including tariffs on U.S. products such as liquid natural gas, coal, and oil. These developments have heightened concerns about potential trade conflicts and their impact on the global economy.

The situation remains dynamic, with ongoing negotiations and strategic decisions influencing the future of international trade relations. It is important to understand tariffs because they can directly impact market stability, business profitability, inflation, and global supply chains, influencing investment opportunities and risks. Let’s dive in…

Why Do Governments Impose Tariffs?

1. Protecting Domestic Industries

Tariffs can give local industries an advantage by making imported goods more expensive, thereby encouraging consumers to buy domestic products.

2. Generating Government Revenue

Tariffs provide an additional source of income for governments. While income taxes and corporate taxes generate significant revenue, tariffs can supplement these funds.

3. Encouraging Fair Trade

Governments sometimes impose import taxes to penalize unfair trade practices, such as when a country is accused of dumping (selling goods at artificially low prices to drive out competition). Tariffs in these cases serve as a corrective measure.

4. Political and Strategic Negotiations

Tariffs can also be used as a bargaining chip in international trade negotiations. For instance, the U.S. has imposed tariffs on China and Mexico, prompting discussions on broader trade deals.

How Do Tariffs Affect Consumers?

One of the biggest questions around tariffs is whether they drive up prices for consumers. The answer? It depends.

In some cases, companies absorb the additional costs of import taxes to remain competitive, which means prices don’t necessarily rise. However, when businesses pass those costs onto consumers, it can lead to higher prices for everyday goods such as electronics, vehicles, and even groceries.

For example: A 25% tariff on steel could increase the cost of vehicles, appliances, and construction materials, and a 10% tariff on imported food could raise grocery prices, making dining out and grocery shopping more expensive.

However, if demand is low or companies find alternative suppliers, tariffs might not result in higher prices at all. Businesses often adapt by shifting production to non-tariffed regions, using automation, or renegotiating supplier contracts.

How Do Tariffs Impact the Stock Market?

Investors watch trade policies closely because they can affect business profitability and economic stability. When tariffs increase, some sectors benefit, while others struggle:

Sectors That Benefit:

  • Domestic Manufacturing: U.S. factories may gain a competitive advantage as imported goods become pricier.
  • Steel and Aluminum Producers: Higher import tariffs make domestic production more attractive.
  • Agriculture (In Some Cases): Import taxes can reduce foreign competition, and domestic farmers may gain market share.

Sectors That Suffer:

  • Retail and Consumer Goods: Companies that rely on imported goods (electronics, clothing, appliances) face higher costs.
  • Automobiles: Many car parts are imported, so import taxes can drive up vehicle prices.
  • Technology Companies: Many U.S. tech companies rely on global supply chains, and tariffs on Chinese imports

Stock markets often react strongly to tariff news. If investors believe this will harm businesses, stock prices can drop. However, if they are seen as a negotiation tactic to secure better trade deals, markets may remain stable or even rally.

Are Tariffs Good or Bad for the Economy?

The impact of tariffs depends on how they are implemented and how businesses respond. Here are some key pros and cons:

Pros:

✅ Encourages Domestic Industry Growth – Tariffs protect local businesses from cheap foreign competition.
✅ Can Improve Trade Deals – Used strategically, import taxes can bring foreign governments to the negotiating table.
✅ Generates Government Revenue – Tariffs provide an additional source of funds.

Cons:

❌ May Lead to Higher Prices – Consumers often bear the cost of tariffs through increased prices.
❌ Retaliatory Tariffs – Other countries might impose their own taxes or trade restrictions in response, hurting exports.
❌ Can Disrupt Supply Chains – Companies relying on global production may struggle to adjust.

How Should Investors React to Tariffs?

If you’re an investor wondering how to position yourself in a tariff-heavy environment, here are a few strategies:

  • Diversify Your Portfolio – Diversification allows you to hold assets across different sectors to minimize risk.
  • Monitor Market Reactions – Stay updated on tariff policies and market trends.
  • Consider Domestic Growth Stocks – Companies benefiting from tariffs may perform better in a protectionist environment.
  • Look for Bargain Opportunities – Short-term market dips due to tariff announcements can create buying opportunities.
  • Work with a Financial Advisor – A CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ can provide guidance on how all this may impact your portfolio, help you make informed decisions, manage risk, and identify opportunities for long-term financial success.

Final Thoughts

While tariffs remain a polarizing topic, their future depends on global economic conditions and political decisions. Trade negotiations, shifts in supply chains, and economic trends will dictate whether this becomes a long-term tool or fade into the background.

For now, the best approach is to stay informed, analyze the data, and make investment decisions based on facts rather than fear. Whether this turns out to be a boon or a burden, they are undoubtedly reshaping trade and investment landscapes worldwide.

Next Steps

Navigating trade policies and market shifts can be complex, but you don’t have to do it alone. Schedule a call with us today to discuss your unique situation and develop a strategy to protect and grow your wealth in an evolving economic landscape.

The Future is Now: Investing in AI for Growth and Innovation

Posted on by Brian Colvert

Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved beyond the realm of science fiction to become a transformative force reshaping industries, driving innovation, and unlocking investment opportunities. For those looking to position themselves at the forefront of this technological revolution, understanding the nuances of investing in AI is essential. Today we are exploring the core components of AI, its real-world applications, and strategies for leveraging its growth potential to build smarter portfolios.

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What is AI, and Why Should Investors Care?

At its core, AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence by machines. This includes learning, problem-solving, and decision-making capabilities. From voice assistants like Siri and Alexa to advanced predictive analytics in healthcare and finance, AI is already integrated into our daily lives.

For investors, the rapid adoption of AI across sectors presents a unique opportunity. With the global AI market projected to reach $500 billion by 2025, understanding how to invest in AI-related technologies can lead to significant long-term gains.

Key Categories of AI Investments

Investing in AI involves understanding its ecosystem, which can be broken into three primary categories: hardware, platforms, and software.

1. Hardware

AI depends on powerful computing hardware to function. Companies producing high-performance GPUs (graphic processing units), CPUs (central processing units), and other components are critical players in the AI landscape. Notable examples include:

  • Nvidia: A leader in GPUs, vital for machine learning and deep learning tasks.
  • AMD and Intel: Both are competing in the AI processing space with advanced chipsets.

Investors should keep an eye on innovations in AI hardware, as these components are foundational for AI development and adoption.

2. Platforms

Platforms are the infrastructure that enables developers and businesses to harness AI capabilities. Major tech companies are competing to provide robust AI platforms, including:

  • Amazon Web Services (AWS): Offers a comprehensive suite of machine learning and AI services through tools like SageMaker, AWS aims to empower businesses of all sizes to integrate AI into their operations seamlessly.
  • Microsoft: Azure’s AI services offer tools for machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing.
  • Google: Through Google Cloud and TensorFlow, Google provides scalable AI solutions.
  • OpenAI: Known for ChatGPT, OpenAI exemplifies how platforms can democratize AI applications. Most recently, they announced The Stargate Project which intends to invest $500 billion over the next four years building new AI infrastructure for OpenAI in the United States

These platforms not only provide tools for AI development but also serve as ecosystems that foster innovation, collaboration, and scalability for businesses and developers worldwide.

3. Software

Software applications bring AI directly to end users, solving specific problems or enhancing productivity. Examples include:

  • Grammarly: Uses AI for writing assistance.
  • Duolingo: Leverages AI to personalize language learning.
  • Salesforce: Employs AI for customer relationship management (CRM).

While software is often seen as the “face” of AI, its success relies on the foundation built by hardware and platforms.

Why Now is the Time to Invest in AI

AI is no longer a niche technology; it’s a fundamental driver of economic growth. Here’s why now is the time to consider investing in AI:

  1. Exponential Growth: The pace of AI innovation and adoption is accelerating. What was groundbreaking yesterday is becoming commonplace today.
  2. Industry Disruption: From healthcare and finance to retail and entertainment, AI is disrupting traditional business models, creating new markets, and enhancing operational efficiency.
  3. Investment Opportunities: The rise of AI-focused ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) and mutual funds makes it easier for investors to gain exposure to the sector.

Real-World Applications of AI

AI’s applications span numerous industries, making it a versatile and valuable investment focus. Some key areas include:

1. Healthcare

AI is revolutionizing healthcare by improving diagnostics, personalizing treatment plans, and streamlining administrative processes. Companies like IBM (Watson Health) and startups leveraging AI for drug discovery are leading this charge.

2. Finance

In the financial sector, AI  can enhance fraud detection and improve customer service through chatbots. AI can automate compliance processes by analyzing large datasets for adherence to regulatory requirements, reducing costs and minimizing the risk of human error.

3. Transportation

Autonomous vehicles, powered by AI, are transforming transportation. Companies such as Tesla and Waymo are at the forefront of this innovation.

4. Retail and E-commerce

AI enhances customer experiences through personalized recommendations, inventory management, and efficient supply chains. Amazon’s AI-driven logistics system is a prime example.

5. Education

AI tools like adaptive learning platforms are transforming education by tailoring experiences to individual student needs.

Challenges and Risks of Investing in AI

While the potential of AI is immense, investors should also be aware of the challenges and risks:

  1. Regulatory Concerns: As AI becomes more prevalent, governments may introduce regulations to address ethical concerns and data privacy.
  2. Market Volatility: AI stocks can be subject to significant market fluctuations, especially for newer, smaller companies.
  3. Ethical Considerations: Companies must navigate complex issues around bias, transparency, and the societal impact of AI.
  4. Overhyped Startups: The rapid rise of AI has led to a proliferation of startups, not all of which will succeed.

Conducting thorough research and diversifying investments can help mitigate these risks.

How to Start Investing in AI

For those ready to dive into the world of AI investing, here are some practical steps:

1. Research and Understand the Market

Stay informed about AI trends, emerging technologies, and market leaders. Resources like industry reports and financial news can provide valuable insights.

2. Consider AI-Focused ETFs

ETFs such as the Global X Robotics & Artificial Intelligence ETF (BOTZ) or the ARK Autonomous Technology & Robotics ETF (ARKQ) offer diversified exposure to the AI sector.

3. Evaluate Individual Stocks

Investing in leading companies like Nvidia, Microsoft, or Google can provide direct exposure to AI growth. Look for companies with strong fundamentals and a clear AI strategy.

4. Diversify Across Categories

Spread your investments across hardware, platforms, and software to reduce risk and capitalize on the full AI ecosystem. By diversifying across these categories, you can mitigate risks associated with dependence on a single segment while taking advantage of the growth potential across the broader AI ecosystem. This strategy positions your portfolio to benefit from AI’s transformative impact on multiple industries.

5. Consult a Financial Advisor

A financial advisor can help tailor an AI investment strategy to your risk tolerance and long-term goals. Partnering with a Certified Financial Planner (CFP®) adds an extra layer of expertise and accountability. A CFP® is trained to provide comprehensive financial planning, ensuring your investment strategy aligns with your overall financial health, including retirement planning, tax efficiency, and estate considerations.

The Ethical Side of AI Investments

As AI continues to grow, ethical considerations are becoming increasingly important. Investors should look for companies prioritizing:

  • Transparency: Clear communication about how AI systems are designed and used.
  • Fairness: Efforts to minimize bias in AI algorithms.
  • Sustainability: Reducing the environmental impact of AI hardware and operations.

By supporting ethical AI, investors can contribute to a more responsible and sustainable future.

The Long-Term Potential of AI

AI’s potential extends far beyond its current applications. As the technology matures, we can expect breakthroughs in fields like physics, chemistry, and biology, as well as tools that make education, healthcare, and services accessible to all.

If you are interested in investing in AI, these advancements signal sustained growth and new opportunities for wealth creation.

Final Thoughts

Investing in AI is more than a financial decision; it’s a chance to participate in shaping the future. By understanding the AI ecosystem, staying informed about trends, and making strategic investments, you can position yourself to benefit from this transformative technology.

Whether you’re a seasoned investor or just starting out, AI offers a wealth of opportunities to grow your portfolio and contribute to the advancement of tech. The future is now. AI is reshaping industries—and it could reshape your portfolio too. Schedule a complimentary strategy call with our team to explore how AI investing can fit into your broader financial plan.

We’ll help you:

  • Align your AI investments with your goals and risk tolerance
  • Diversify across the growing AI ecosystem
  • Make informed, confident decisions

Click here to book a call and see if investing in AI is right for you.

UPDATE:

The day after recording this Podcast, DeepSeek, a Chinese artificial intelligence company based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, founded in 2023 by Liang Wenfeng, (owned and solely funded by the Chinese hedge fund High-Flyer) was released and we entered further into an unprecedented phase of innovation.

DeepSeek’s ability to analyze massive datasets with unmatched speed and precision opens the door to new breakthroughs in industries like healthcare, finance, and scientific research. For investors, this marks a critical moment to reassess strategies and be adaptable.

The DeepSeek launch is expected to accelerate adoption of AI platforms, spurring demand for advanced hardware, scalable software, and ethical frameworks. As AI integrates deeper into global systems, those who understand its evolving ecosystem—now more dynamic than ever—are best positioned to seize opportunities.

Impact on Nvidia

The release of DeepSeek disrupted Nvidia’s stock by reducing reliance on its high-performance GPUs, a cornerstone of its AI-driven growth. DeepSeek’s advanced algorithms require less GPU power, favoring alternative, cost-effective hardware from competitors like AMD and Intel. Additionally, OpenAI’s $500 billion Stargate Project includes proprietary AI infrastructure optimized for DeepSeek, further sidelining Nvidia. With Nvidia’s premium valuation tied heavily to AI, investors panicked over fears of slowing growth, leading to a sharp sell-off. This marks a shift in the AI hardware landscape, emphasizing efficiency and diversification, challenging Nvidia to adapt or risk losing its dominance.

Have questions? Schedule a call with us today. 

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